Effect of quality control on the proliferation of the extract from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.‐Mazz. in Lactobacillus plantarum

In recent years, the fingerprint of high‐performance liquid chromatography has been extensively applied in the identification and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. It can be a potential protocol for assessing the authenticity, stability and consistency of traditional Chinese medicine and guaranteeing the expected biological activity. In this paper, a method using high‐performance liquid chromatography to identify and control the quality of the extract of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.‐Mazz. (TME) was established. With this method, the correlation coefficients of the similarity of 10 batches were ≥0.994. The TME displayed a steady proliferative effect in Lactobacillus plantarum. In brief, this study successfully built a reliable, simple and efficient method to control and confirm the quality and the stability of biological activity of the TME.     

Comparative analysis of the main active components and hypoglycemic effects after the compatibility of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma

In this study, a rapid and highly sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid was established and successfully applied to comparatively analyze main active components after their compatibility. Besides, the effects of Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and combined extracts on type 2 diabetic rats induced by high‐fat diet along with low dose of streptozocin were investigated. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation of seven target components was achieved within 12 min. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (R² ≥ 0.999). The relative standard deviation of precision, repeatability and stability varied from 0.69 to 2.23, 0.98 to 2.56, and 0.92 to 2.57%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 91.11 to 105.35%. The contents of seven active components were notably reduced after compatibility; however, the hypoglycemic effect of combined extracts was stronger than single drug by decreasing the activities of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase, glucose 6‐phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and increasing the activities of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase. Accordingly, the established analytical method was accurate and sensitive enough for quantitative evaluation of seven investigated compounds. Moreover, the combined extract had definite effects on type 2 diabetes through multiple components against multiple targets.     

Stable isotope dilution assay for the accurate determination of tricaine in fish samples by HPLC–MS–MS

Tricaine methanesulfonate is one of most commonly used anesthetics in fish during blood sampling, artificial propagation and long‐distance transportation. In this study, an accurate method for the quantitative determination of tricaine in fish samples by a stable isotope dilution assay coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed. Tricaine‐D₅ was synthesized and used as an isotopically labeled internal standard for the determination of tricaine. The analytical performance of the method was validated for tricaine determination in marine fish and freshwater fish. The determination of tricaine was linear in the range of 2.0–200.0 μg L^?1. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for fish muscle tissues were 1.0 and 4.0 μg kg^?1, respectively. Good recoveries were obtained in the range of 92.08–97.50%. The inter‐ and intra‐assay relative standard deviations (RSD values) were investigated, and the values were 0.39–3.01 and 0.85–2.77%, respectively. The values of CCα and CCβ were 10.21–10.43 and 10.42–10.87 μg kg^?1, respectively. The clearance of MS‐222 from grass carp was further studied using our method. The results demonstrate that MS‐222 could be well absorbed and rapidly eliminated after bath administration.     

Er3+单掺、Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂Ca12Al14O32F2的 制备及上转换发光性质

利用高温固相法成功制备了Er~(3+)单掺、Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂Ca_(12)Al_(14)O_(32)F_2上转换发光样品。在980 nm激光激发下,Er~(3+)单掺和Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂样品均呈现出较强的绿光(528,549 nm)和较弱的红光(655 nm)发射,分别归因于Er~(3+)离子的~2H_(11/2),~4S_(3/2)→~4I_(15/2)和~4F_(9/2)→~4I_(15/2)能级跃迁。随着Er离子浓度的增加,单掺杂样品上转换发光强度先增大后减小,最佳掺杂浓度为0.8%。共掺杂Yb~(3+)后,Er~(3+)的发光强度明显增大。还原气氛下合成的样品上转换发光强度增大约两倍,可能和笼中阴离子基团变化有关。发光强度和激发光功率的关系表明所得上转换发射为双光子吸收过程,借助Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)体系能级结构详细讨论了上转换发射的跃迁机制。     

等离子体电极普克尔盒研究进展

等离子体电极普克尔盒(PEPC)用作多程放大控制、自激振荡抑制以及反激光隔离,是大型高功率固体激光器的核心器件。本文从高功率固体激光器的发展对光开关提出的要求出发,系统地综述了等离子体电极普克尔盒的性能特点以及研究进展。重点介绍了中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心近年来在PEPC研究方面所取得的进展,包括单脉冲驱动的组合口径PEPC、低损耗PEPC以及重复频率运转的PEPC。     

Aeroelastic analysis of cantilever plates using Peters’ aerodynamic model,and the influence of choosing beam or plate theories as the structural model

In this paper, the aeroelastic analyses of a rectangular cantilever plate of varying aspect ratio is presented. The classical plate theory has been selected as the structural model. The main point that distinguishes this study from previously reported research is employing Peters’ theory to model aerodynamic effect which is not straightforward. The Peters’ aerodynamic model was originally developed to provide lift and moment, which is only applicable to the structural model based on the beam theories. In this study, using the basic concept of the Peters’ aerodynamic model in addition to utilizing the Fourier series, the pressure distribution is derived, which makes Peters’ model applicable to structural models based on plate theory. This combination provides a much simpler state–space aeroelastic model for plates in comparison to the prevalent panel methods, which could lead to a significant reduction in computational time. In addition, the aeroelastic response of the plate with respect to changes in the structural model from the beam theory to the plate theory is evaluated. By using data from an experiment carried out at Duke University, the theoretical results are evaluated. Furthermore, the differences in structural models obtained from the plate and beam theories can be divided into two distinct parts, which are responsible for differences in bending and torsional behaviors of the structure, separately. This approach enables us to measure the effects of differences of each behavior separately, which could provide with a new insight into the problem. It has been determined that the flutter speeds obtained from the beam and plate aeroelastic models are little affected by the difference in bending behavior, but rather is mainly caused by the difference in torsional frequencies.     

TiC-MgO composite: an X-ray transparent and machinable heating element in a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus

ABSTRACT

TiC-MgO composite was developed as a heating element for X-ray study in the multi-anvil high pressure apparatus. We synthesized TiC-MgO blocks (50–70 wt.% of TiC) by compression in a cold isostatic press followed by baking in a gas flow furnace. Heaters of tubular shape were manufactured from the synthesized blocks either by lathe or numerically controlled milling machine. The so-produced heating elements have been proved to generate temperatures up to 2250?K at 10?GPa, condition where classical graphite heaters are not suitable anymore due to graphite-diamond transition. These new heaters have been successfully used for in situ X-ray radiography and diffraction measurements on liquid Fe alloys, exploiting excellent X-ray transparency.     

Sparse Multicategory Generalized Distance Weighted Discrimination in Ultra-High Dimensions

Distance weighted discrimination (DWD) is an appealing classification method that is capable of overcoming data piling problems in high-dimensional settings. Especially when various sparsity structures are assumed in these settings, variable selection in multicategory classification poses great challenges. In this paper, we propose a multicategory generalized DWD (MgDWD) method that maintains intrinsic variable group structures during selection using a sparse group lasso penalty. Theoretically, we derive minimizer uniqueness for the penalized MgDWD loss function and consistency properties for the proposed classifier. We further develop an efficient algorithm based on the proximal operator to solve the optimization problem. The performance of MgDWD is evaluated using finite sample simulations and miRNA data from an HIV study.     

蓝宝石冲击消光晶向效应的第一性原理

蓝宝石的冲击消光现象是高压领域中的研究热点.低压段(86 GPa范围内)的实验研究表明蓝宝石的冲击消光与晶向相关,但在高压段(压力范围:131255 GPa)是否也具有晶向相关性目前尚不清楚.为此,利用第一性原理方法,分别计算了八个不同晶向的蓝宝石理想晶体和含氧离子空位缺陷晶体在高压段的光吸收性质,结果发现:1)蓝宝石在高压段的冲击消光表现出明显的晶向效应,且该效应还随压力增大而增强;一步的数据分析可以看出,在冲击实验采用的波段内,a晶向的消光最弱(透明性最好),c晶向的消光最强与c晶向的消光接近,g晶向的消光要弱于s晶向的消光.鉴于此,如果在高压段开展加窗冲击波实验,建议选择a晶向或m晶向的蓝宝石作为其光学窗口.本文结果不仅有助于深入地认识蓝宝石在极端条件下的光学性质,而且对未来的实验研究有重要的参考作用.     

Resolution and isolation of enantiomers of (±)‐isoxsuprine using thin silica gel layers impregnated with l‐glutamic acid,comparison of separation of its diastereomers prepared with chiral derivatizing reagents having l‐amino acids as chiral auxiliaries

Thin silica gel layers impregnated with optically pure l ‐glutamic acid were used for direct resolution of enantiomers of (±)‐isoxsuprine in their native form. Three chiral derivatizing reagents, based on DFDNB moiety, were synthesized having l ‐alanine, l ‐valine and S‐benzyl‐l ‐cysteine as chiral auxiliaries. These were used to prepare diastereomers under microwave irradiation and conventional heating. The diastereomers were separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography on a C₁₈ column with detection at 340 nm using gradient elution with mobile phase containing aqueous trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile in different compositions and by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) on reversed phase (RP) C₁₈ plates. Diastereomers prepared with enantiomerically pure (+)‐isoxsuprine were used as standards for the determination of the elution order of diastereomers of (±)‐isoxsuprine. The elution order in the experimental study of RP‐TLC and RP‐HPLC supported the developed optimized structures of diastereomers based on density functional theory. The limit of detection was 0.1–0.09 µg/mL in TLC while it was in the range of 22–23 pg/mL in HPLC and 11–13 ng/mL in RP‐TLC for each enantiomer. The conditions of derivatization and chromatographic separation were optimized. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.